The VTM-compact is used for targeted milling operations on defined sections of the railway network

Story | 9/16/2026

When Warsaw picks up speed again after the summer

Warsaw is investing in the expansion and modernization of its tram network.

With the end of summer vacation, everyday life returns to Warsaw. Schools and universities start the new academic year, commuters once again fill the streets, and public transit returns to its usual high volume. At the same time, the transit authority wraps up an intensive summer season during which extensive work was carried out on the tram infrastructure. Service frequencies are increasing again, and the city is returning to normal operations.

The figures show just how important the tram is to Warsaw: In 2025, approximately 249 million trips were taken on the Polish capital’s trams. This makes the tram the city’s second most-used form of public transportation, after buses.

Expansion and renewal go hand in hand

The tram plays a key role in Warsaw’s long-term mobility strategy. With the opening of the line to Wilanów in 2024, the network underwent one of its largest expansions in recent decades. Further projects, including the planned line to Zielona Białołęka, are already in the works. At the same time, the city is investing heavily in its existing network, pursuing a two-pronged approach: expansion where the city is growing, and modernization where the infrastructure is subject to heavy daily use. 

Warsaw traditionally uses the summer months in particular for major infrastructure work. This year alone, 36 projects covering nearly 12.5 kilometers of track were on the agenda. The goal is to improve ride comfort, reduce operational restrictions, and ensure the network’s long-term performance.

Not every heavily used rail needs to be upgraded or replaced for this purpose. Targeted maintenance measures that restore existing rails to optimal condition make an important contribution to the long-term availability of the infrastructure.

Repair instead of replacement

This is exactly where preventive rail maintenance comes into play. On behalf of the Warsaw Tramway, Vossloh treats particularly heavily loaded track sections—so-called “hot spots”—with the world’s smallest rail milling machine, the VTM-compact. It is used for targeted milling operations on defined sections of the network to completely eliminate rail defects and delay rail replacement for as long as possible. 

Both vignol and grooved rails are processed. “Grooved rails, in particular, pose special maintenance challenges for tram networks. The fact that we can now process them to a high standard using the VTM-compact is the result of many years of development work and is unique in this form on the market. The machine successfully fills a niche that could not be addressed with previous milling machines,” explains Marcel Taubert, Managing Director of Vossloh Rail Services.

Corrective rail machining allows rail defects to be corrected early on, before extensive replacement work becomes necessary. This not only extends the service life of the infrastructure; it also helps avoid disruptions that can significantly impact daily life in a city of over a million people. When grooved rails are replaced, roads often have to be dug up, tracks exposed, and entire sections of traffic temporarily closed. This often affects buses, cars, delivery traffic, and residents as well. Targeted Rail machining, on the other hand, makes it possible to carry out work during short nighttime windows without significantly restricting the city’s mobility. In this way, it plays a vital role in keeping Warsaw moving day after day.

When the city sleeps

There is very little time available for this work. As with tram systems worldwide, Warsaw also has only short nightly service breaks available. Each shift allows for about two and a half to three hours to carry out the planned work. That is why the actual work begins long before the first milling pass. Work sites are prepared, the rail sections to be treated are precisely defined, and all processes are coordinated to fit the limited time available. 

No sooner has the last tram left the route than the operation begins. A Unimog pulls the VTM-compact from section to section. There, the machine processes the previously defined areas precisely and within the tight time window, performing up to two millimeters of material removal per pass. Removed chips are completely extracted during the milling process and collected in the chip bunker for disposal, eliminating the need for cleanup. This is because the tracks must be fully operational for passenger service again before the city even wakes up. 

Ensuring growth runs on strong rails

The importance of such measures grows along with the network. As Warsaw continuously expands and modernizes its tram infrastructure, the strain on many existing lines is increasing at the same time. Efficient mobility therefore results not only from the construction of new routes but also from the continuous maintenance of the existing infrastructure.

The results speak for themselves: By 2025, Vossloh had already worked on more than 13 kilometers of track in Warsaw. This year, another 7.5 kilometers were added. And when the first trams start running again in the morning, passengers should experience one thing above all else: reliable, comfortable, and safe service.

Sources:

Public Transportation in Warsaw in 2025. Over 900 Million Trips
Tram operators are waiting for spring—plans call for the renovation of nearly 12.5 km of tracks
End of summer vacation
By tram to Wilanów
A tram to Zielona Białołęka
VTM-compact